QUEZON CITY (MindaNews / 28 Aug) — I have received many messages requesting more information about my previous posting on the Sabah Claim. Let me share a piece that I had written for BusinessWorld (“Intropectives,” August 21, 2022), below:
Several descendants of Jamalul Kiram, Sultan of Sulu who leased Sabah to Baron Von Overbeck of the British North Borneo Company in 1878, filed a case with the French Arbitration Court. Last February 28, the court ruled in their favor.
The French Arbitration Court ruled on the case, “Heirs to the Sultanate of Sulu v. Malaysia,” deciding:
- the “1878 Agreement is an international private lease agreement, of commercial nature”
- the respondent, Malaysia, “breached the 1878 Agreement”
- declared “the termination of the 1878 Agreement as of January 1, 2013”
- and decided that the claimants “are entitled to recover from Respondent the restitution value of the rights over the leased territory along North Borneo under the 1878 Agreement and the 1903 Confirmatory Deed, with pre-award interest of 3,96% per annum, as of January 1, 2013 until 2044
- orders Respondent to pay to Claimants the amount of USD 14.92 billion
- and “orders Respondent to pay to Claimants interest on the sum in the previous paragraph at a rate of 10% per annum, calculated on a simple basis” as well as reimbursement of their legal fees
According to the news, Solicitor General Menardo Guevarra said his office is “carefully studying the legal and constitutional implications, if any, of the arbitral award in favor of the heirs of the sultan of Sulu.” I would have thought that our government would be more supportive of this win.
How can our government not be more supportive of the claimants? At the very least, the monetary award – at least P850 billion – would be a welcome resource for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, and thus the Philippines. Since the claimants are from Sulu, it is within the realm of imagination that they would invest some of that in their home province. IF Malaysia can be persuaded to finally settle the proprietary claim of the heirs.
Former President Corazon C. Aquino wanted to resolve the claim during her term. It seems that Malaysia would only agree to negotiate if all the heirs spoke as one. In 1987 she instructed her Foreign Affairs Secretary, Raul Manglapus, to bring all the heirs together. On October 23, 1987, Secretary Manglapus wrote the late Ambassador Abraham Rasul, Wazir or Prime Minister to two Sultans – Esmail Kiram, who had ceded the sovereign claim of the Sultanate to the Philippine Government, and Mahakutta Kiram, who was officially recognized as Sultan by the late President Ferdinand E. Marcos. Secretary Manglapus wrote : “I would like to suggest that the claimants organize themselves so that they may arrive at a common position. . . . Although yours is a private claim, we have the assurance of the Malaysian Government that they are ready and willing to negotiate with the heirs of the Sultan of Sulu in order to settle this matter.”
Then Senator Santanina Rasul was requested to coordinate the unification of the heirs. As her Chief of Staff, I was tasked to implement the assignment. We managed to bring them all to Malacañang. After hours of deliberation, the heirs appointed their representatives, and agreed for Secretary Manglapus to negotiate with Malaysia. Unfortunately, the meeting came to a standstill when Sultan Jamalul III dissented. Afterward, the heirs of Dayang-Dayang Hadji Piandao Kiram (led by my father, Ambassador Rasul), Sultan Esmail Kiram, Princesses Tarhata, Sakinur-in and Sitti Mariam sought a meeting with Secretary Manglapus. A brief from that meeting held on December 6, 1987, stated: “They were of the opinion that Sultan Mohamad Jamalul Kiram III was expressing his own personal views which contravene the consensus reached at the meeting of the heirs with Secretary Manglapus at the PICC on Friday, December 4 and at the conference of the heirs held with President Corazon C. Aquino at Malacañang on Saturday, December 5.”
President Fidel V. Ramos pursued the attempt to unite the heirs. He requested Senator Rasul to again invite the representatives of the heirs to a meeting on February 10, 1993. At the meeting, FVR suggested the establishment of the Sulu-Sabah Development Corporation which would be responsible for the economic development and sociocultural advancement of Sulu. It was understood that this entity would be the conduit of the funds from the settlement of the proprietary claim over Sabah. Then Presidential Legal Counsel Antonio Carpio drafted the terms. This corporation would have been powerful, if the idea had prospered. The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao would have had access to funds for investments and development.
Why then did the attempts fizzle out? During the Ramos years, the heirs still could not unite. By then, the idea to establish the Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East Asean Growth Area had prospered. Rich Malaysia was employing hundreds of thousands of Filipinos as well as investing in Mindanao. Terrorism was sprouting and borders had to be secured. The Sabah claim moved to the back burner. This situation continued through the short-lived Estrada presidency. Later, Malaysia became the facilitator of the government peace process with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, adding more reason to keep the Sabah Claim hidden away, from the Arroyo to the Duterte administrations.
Perhaps now is the time to resuscitate the claim. In his State of the Nation Address, President Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. vowed not to “abandon even one square inch” of Philippine territory. Be that as it may, we are not talking about the sovereign claim over Sabah but the proprietary claim of the heirs. Considering the size of the award, our government should not shy away from protecting the rights of its citizens, especially since an international court has already ruled in our favor. And there are $14.92 billion reasons why.
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Meanwhile, dear readers, do listen to our conversation with former Health Secretary Dr. Carmencita “Chit” Reodica and former Commission on Higher Education chair Dr. Patricia “Tattie” Licuanan on “She Talks Peace” podcast. With my cohost, Dr. Ayesah Abubakar, we talked about how the late former President Fidel V. Ramos empowered women in his government and in the nation.
FVR had appointed at least 11 women to cabinet positions, as I recall. Carmencita Reodica for Health, Emilia Boncodin for Budget and Management, Erlinda Pefianco for Education, Nieves Confesor for Labor, Corazon Alma de Leon then Lina Laigo for Social Welfare, Narzalina Lim then Mina Gabor for Tourism, Lenny de Jesus for the Presidential Mangement Staff and later Cabinet Secretary and the feisty Haydee Yorac as chair of the National Unification Commission. I was his Presidential Adviser on Youth Affairs, tasked with establishing the National Youth Commission.
FVR once said, “We Filipinos often pride ourselves on the fact that successful women abound in this society, and that we have traditionally given the highest regard to womanhood. Women have made outstanding contributions to our political, economic and cultural life.
“But, largely, that success was still secured against the odds—against the prevalence of a culture of machismo; against patronizing attitudes that continue to see women as “the weaker sex;” against indifference, if not hostility, at home and in the workplace, to the interests of women.
“It is now time for the odds to change. Even as we speak of ‘leveling the playing field’ in business, women must be given equal opportunities to prove themselves” (First Philippine Women Lawyers’ Convention, Malacañang, December 7, 1994)
Was FVR a feminist President? Listen to Dr. Chit Reodica and Dr. Tattie Licuanan share anecdotes and lessons learned on this week’s episode of “She Talks Peace,” available on Google, Spotify, Apple podcasts and other platforms.
(MindaViews is the opinion section of MindaNews. Amina Rasul is President of the Philippine Center for Islam and Democracy and host of the “She Talks Peace” Podcast)
